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Building Resilience: The Role of Insulation in Post-Hurricane or Flood Home Repair

Insulation Tips

As residents of New England, we may not face hurricanes as frequently as our counterparts in the southern U.S., but the impact of intense storms, floods, and coastal surges is not foreign to us. In light of the devastation caused by hurricanes like Harvey, Irma, and Maria, it's crucial for homeowners in our region to also consider the role of insulation in post-hurricane home repair.

Here we’d like to explore the challenges posed by flooding and storm surges, the shortcomings of traditional insulation, and why closed-cell spray foam insulation, a FEMA-recognized flood-resistant material, emerges as a resilient solution.

Understanding the Impact of Hurricanes in New England

While New England is not a hurricane hotspot, we've witnessed the aftermath of intense storms that bring heavy rain, flooding, and potential storm surges along the East Coast. Coastal flooding poses a significant threat to homes, leading to physical deterioration, mold growth, and a host of other issues. According to FEMA, flooding is a major contributor to over $3.5 billion in insurance claims annually, and the risks associated with storm surges and underperforming drainage systems are ever-present.

The Pitfalls of Traditional Insulation

Traditional insulation materials, such as fiberglass and cellulose, excel at insulating homes from seasonal temperature variations but offer little protection against flooding. When floodwaters infiltrate a home, these materials become laden with moisture, rendering them unable to dry out quickly enough to prevent damage. Mold growth becomes a significant concern, posing health risks and complicating the post-hurricane cleanup process. Recognizing these limitations, FEMA emphasizes the importance of flood-resistant building materials in the reconstruction or repair of hurricane-impacted structures.

Closed-Cell Spray Foam: A Flood-Resistant Solution

FEMA identifies closed-cell spray foam insulation as a flood-resistant material falling into Class 4 or Class 5 of its flood damage-resistance classification system. Unlike traditional insulation, closed-cell spray foam quickly becomes rigid, adding structural integrity to roofs and reducing the risk of blowoff during hurricanes. This resilience makes it a valuable asset for homes in areas prone to flooding, hurricanes and heavy storms (like any nor’easter for example) J

Key Features of Closed-Cell Spray Foam Insulation

  1. Structural Integrity: Closed-cell spray foam insulation, like that available from Icynene, enhances a home's structural integrity. This feature becomes crucial during hurricanes, where the rigidity of the insulation helps fortify roofs against the forces of strong winds.
  2. Bulk Water Ingress Resistance: Closed-cell spray foam's ability to reject bulk water ingress is a game-changer in flood-prone areas. Applied in spaces like basements or crawlspaces, it helps reduce the risk of significant damage caused by hurricanes, storms, and their associated floodwaters.
  3. Air-Sealing Qualities: Beyond flood resistance, closed-cell spray foam insulation's air-sealing qualities contribute to long-term benefits. Homeowners can potentially reduce the size of their heating and cooling equipment, leading to energy savings and enhanced comfort throughout the year.

Preparing for the Future: A Resilient Home with Closed-Cell Spray Foam

As we've witnessed an increase in the intensity of hurricanes and heavy storms over the past 30 years, the importance of resilient home construction cannot be overstated. Having a home insulated with closed-cell spray foam insulation is an effective strategy to ensure preparedness for the next hurricane season. By leveraging its flood-resistant properties, structural benefits, and energy efficiency, homeowners can fortify their homes against the challenges posed by intense storms.

In the face of unpredictable weather patterns and the increasing intensity of hurricanes, New England homeowners must prioritize resilience in home construction and repair. Closed-cell spray foam insulation emerges as a FEMA-recognized flood-resistant solution, offering structural integrity, water ingress resistance, and long-term energy efficiency. As we navigate the complexities of our region's climate, investing in closed-cell spray foam insulation becomes a proactive step towards fortifying our homes and ensuring the well-being of our families in the aftermath of intense storms and flooding.

Invest in Insulation with The Green Cocoon

Invest in Insulation

Insulation Tips

One question we always get asked here at The Green Cocoon is, “What is the R.O.I. (return on investment) on insulation?” Consumers want to know if the upfront cost is worth it and more importantly, how long it takes to see the payback. Let’s break this down and find out!

Energy Costs Analyzed

Energy costs vary per state, and since we are located in Massachusetts, we will use that state. The average winter heating bill for oil (most popular) is about $2,343 per year (based on a 1,903 sq. ft. home)[i]. The average yearly electric bill is around $3,516[ii], and much higher in the summer months due to the use of air conditioners.  That comes to a moderate total of $5,859 annually.

The Green Cocoon - Spray Foam Insulation NH

Some of our customers have seen reductions in their heating and cooling bills of up to 75 percent, but for the sake of this example, let’s just say that by insulating your home you save 40 percent. That is a savings of $2,331 per year! If the average insulation job for a medium-sized home is around $8,000 (give or take a few thousand depending on size and material), it would take just under five years to get the return on your investment. After that, you are pocketing an extra $2,331 per year. Think of all of the things you could do with that money! What does that money equal?

What You Can Do With Savings

Here’s what you can do with $2,331:

  1. You can buy almost three months’ worth of groceries for a family of four. This is based on a Massachusetts’ family spending an average of $10,235 per year or $853 per month[iii].
  2. You and your significant other could take a one-week cruise to the southern Caribbean from Boston.
  3. Fill the gas tank in your car for almost one year (depending on car size and miles travelled).
  4. Invest it every year and after 30 years you would have almost $140,000 (based on a 4% return)!

As you can see, insulation is well worth the investment. The question isn’t, “Can I afford it?” The question is, “How can you not?”

If you don’t have the money upfront for insulation, there’s no need to wait to start saving. Ask us about our interest-free financing options.

[i] Commonwealth of Massachusetts (2019). Household Heating Costs. Retrieved from mass.gov.

[ii] Electricity Local (2019). Residential Electricity Rates & Consumption in Massachusetts. Retrieved from electricitylocal.com.

[iii] 24/7 Wall St. (2022). Cost of Living in Massachusetts. Retrieved from 247wallst.com.

The Green Cocoon - Attic Ventilation problem showing mold

Polyurethane Foam Used as a High-Performance Adhesive

Insulation Tips

In the insulation industry, we all know why spray polyurethane foam works so well as an insulation and air barrier for buildings. Most also know that polyurethane is used to make many everyday objects in your automobile and around the house. But, most don’t know that polyurethane foam is used a lot as a high-performance adhesive.

Closed Cell Spray Foam Strongest

If you mix the A and B sides of polyurethane foam together, the curing liquid sticks to everything. This creates a strong bond with most any type of surface. In a foam form, the curing polyurethane adhesive rises to fill small gaps between irregular surfaces. This is closed cell spray foam. It reduces excess waste and energy consumption in buildings by up to 50% while adding strength—R-value (7 per inch).

Used in Construction Industry

This high-performance polyurethane adhesive has found a permanent home in the construction industry. Roofing contractors regularly use polyurethane adhesives to attach various roofing materials to substrates (see SPFA-142).

Polyurethane adhesives are also used to bond gypsum board to framing, especially in manufactured housing applications. Two inches of closed cell spray foam between wall stud framing can provide nearly the same racking strength as a half inch of oriented strand board (OSB) sheathing, according to sprayfoam.com. The same application of closed cell foam below the roof deck, between the rafters and trusses (new construction or retrofit), can increase the wind uplift resistance by a factor of three. It can also provide a secondary water barrier if the roof shingles fail.

The Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) recognizes the structural benefits of closed cell foam insulation and polyurethane adhesives in their Fortified Construction Standards program.

the green cocoon installs foam insulation in attic

Homeowners Save Money

Understanding all of the benefits of closed cell spray foam is key for homeowners. The knowledge helps them make better decisions regarding insulation choice when building or remodeling their home. Moreover, as we strive to construct more resilient and eco-friendly buildings, we encourage the use of spray foam in most of our projects.

Contact us to find out what spray foam is right for you.

green-cocoon-insulationvt-moldy-fiberglass2

Don’t Make These Basement Insulation Mistakes

Insulation Tips

Incorrectly installed basement insulation is a common error. We see this problem not only with do-it-yourself installation, but also with contractor installation. The results can be disastrous as severe mold and mildew may become a problem, not to mention the loss of money on your heating bill. This is why we beg you, “don’t make these basement insulation mistakes.”

Use Treated Lumber

Since most basements are inherently moist, you need to keep all untreated wood away from the concrete surfaces. Moisture below the slab can wick up into the concrete and get to the base plates of the wall. Therefore, you need to make certain the bottom plate of the wall is treated lumber.

Avoid Using Fiberglass Insulation in Basements

As seen in the photo above, putting polyethylene over fiberglass insulation is a no-no as it doesn’t allow the insulation to breathe. Consequently, this homeowner had moisture build-up and ultimately mold growth!

For years contractors have been treating basements much like regular living space. It’s not uncommon to see fiberglass insulation in direct contact with basement foundation walls. Here in the northeast, we see several common mistakes, including:

  • Plastic vapor barrier against concrete wall, fiberglass insulation inside stud wall, then drywall
  • Fiberglass insulation inside a “bag” hanging from the rim joist down along the foundation wall
  • Stud wall filled with fiberglass insulation an inch or two away from the concrete wall[1]

Those mistakes can increase the chances for mold to grow.

What Causes Mold to Grow in Basements?

Mold can grow on virtually any organic material as long as it has the right moisture level and oxygen. Because mold eats or digests what it is growing on, it can damage a building and its furnishings. If left unchecked, mold eventually can cause structural damage to building materials and can cause health problems. That’s why we don’t want mold in our basements! Specifically, we can prevent damage to buildings and building contents in the basement areas, save money, and avoid these potential health problems by controlling moisture.

green-cocoon-insulationvt-moldy-fiberglass

According to the EPA, indoor relative humidity in homes should be kept below 60 percent — ideally between 30 and 50 percent. [2] In addition to preventing mold formation, maintaining the correct humidity levels may also have a bonus effect. It may discourage pests such as cockroaches, silverfish (bristletails), and dust mites from showing up where you don’t want them!

To measure the humidity of your home or basement, you need to buy a humidity meter and track the relative humidity level. That is the first part of understanding the mold problem in your home or basement.

Education Needed

If contractors are still using fiberglass insulation in basements, it means that we in the industry need to do a better job educating our builders. In order to understand the issues with basement insulation, you first must understand the role of vapor barriers in basements.

Use the Right Insulation

Over the years, we’ve come to rely on two main approaches for basement insulation projects and remodeling, including closed cell spray foam and rigid foam board. When installed in the correct thickness, these two methods result in a proper vapor barrier and superior insulation.

Get Educated – Be the Pro!

Today, the building industry and building science are changing rapidly. In order to stand out in the competition and provide a professional service to your clients, you need to stay educated on the latest methods. You can be sure that the team at The Green Cocoon is up-to-date on the latest insulation practices in order to bring our clients the best product possible.

If you have questions or need a quote on your next insulation project, contact us and we’d be happy to help.

[1] Be the Pro. Avoiding Basement Insulation Mistakes. Retrieved from bethepro.com.

[2] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Mold Course Chapter 2. Retrieved from epa.gov.

green-cocoon-r-value, photo courtesy of bpihomeowner.org

Did You Know? Insulation R-Value Changes

Insulation Tips

In the world of building construction, improvement, and insulation, we talk about R-value all the time. Usually, we talk about it as if it’s a constant number. We see R-19 stamped right there on the product, so that’s what it is, right? Well, did you know that the insulation R-value changes?

What Is R-Value?

R-value is a measure of resistance to heat flow through a given thickness of material. Furthermore, it is important, but it’s just one of a few key factors that determines the effectiveness of an insulation material. R-value is tested in an air-tight vacuum chamber, which means that typical insulation materials like fiberglass and cellulose do not actually perform with that value unless paired with intense air sealing measures.

green-cocoon-closed-cell-r-value-chart[1]

How Is R-value measured?

Because of scams involving R-value claims that didn’t match reality, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) devised the R-value Rule to protect buyers of insulating products. In fact, in 2013 the FTC handed down its largest fine ever ($350,000) to a company claiming that its paint had an R-value of 100.[2]

So, the R-value Rule requires testing insulation using one of four American Society of Test Methods (ASTM) standards. The basic requirement is that the mean temperature must be 75° F (24° C) with a temperature difference of 50° F (28° C) across the insulation.[3]

According to Building Science Corporation, most R-value testing is done with a temperature of 50° F (10° C) on the cold side and 100° F (38° C) on the hot side.[4]

The Lowdown on R-value

The main point here is that R-value isn’t some constant number for a given material, and installation isn’t the only factor that affects it. As you can see above, temperature has a significant effect as well.

The team at The Green Cocoon knows that the performance of the insulation is affected by how well it is installed. Energystar.gov has developed guidelines for grading the quality of installation. Moreover, they’ve developed a table that shows what levels of insulation are cost-effective for different climates and locations in the home.[5]

Compression

Improperly installed insulation loses its R-value. For example, fiberglass can lose up to 50 percent of its prescribed R-value when compressed. Additionally, when you compress fiberglass batt insulation, the R-value per inch goes up, but the overall R-value goes down because you have less inches or thickness of insulation.[6]

Fear not, closed cell spray foam is the only insulation material that has an almost constant R-value. The reason is because you cannot pass air through it or compress it.

Contact us to find out more about R-value or for a free quote.

[1] Building Performance Institute (April 4, 2017). What Does R-Value Mean? Retrieved from bpihomeowner.org.

[2] FTC.gov (January 31, 2013). FTC Action Leads to Court Order: Home Insulation Marketer to Pay $350,000. Retrieved from ftc.gov.

[3] Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (March 31, 2020). R-value Rule. Retrieved from ecfr.gov.

[4] Building Science Corporation (April 12, 2013). Info-502: Temperature Dependence of R-values in Polyisocyanurate Roof Insulation. Retrieved from buildingscience.com.

[5] Energy.gov. Recommend Home Insulation R-Values. Retrieved from energy.gov.

[6] Insulation Institute. The Facts About Compressing Fiber Glass Insulation. Retrieved from insulationinstitute.org.

Metal-Building-Green-Cocoon-Insulation

Spray Foam and Metal Buildings

Insulation Tips

To foam or not to foam. Why you might choose to use spray foam inside a metal building even though the interior is not heated or cooled.

One of our frequently asked questions is whether there is a benefit to spraying two or three inches of foam on the inside of a metal building, even though it is not going to be heated or cooled. The answer may surprise you.

Savings or Comfort?

Are you looking for savings or comfort? If a metal building is going to be air-conditioned (cooled) or heated, then we expect the building to be insulated. It is our job to help you save money by offering the best insulation possible. However, sometimes savings is not the key reason that you decide to buy spray foam insulation. Sometimes, it all comes down to comfort.

truck-in-front-of-building-green-cocoon-spray-foam-insulation

Baby It’s Hot in Here!

If the temperature outside is 100°F, then the outside skin of your metal building is going to be around 150°F. It won’t take long before the radiant heat from the metal skin radiates to the inside of the building.

Insulate with Spray Foam!

If you have high traffic in your building, or you plan to leave the doors open to allow large equipment to be moved, you may opt to not condition the structure. You may think it is a waste of time. But when you insulate the building on the inside, especially with spray foam, you create a radiant barrier— a barrier between the heat source and your living space.

In the south, for example, the inside temperature will remain around 100°F during the hottest part of the day, even after the sun goes down. The temperature will be pretty close to the outside roof deck. If you didn’t have that radiant break on the inside walls and underside of the roof deck, the radiant heat would come off of the metal and heat the space. Thus, you would get a hotter environment inside than the temperature outside because of the radiant load coming off of the roof deck.

You see this happen a lot inside attics, metal buildings, workshops, etc., where you don’t get consistent conditioning. If you have a radiant load that is building up and a surface that gets really hot, then it radiates some of that energy to the air inside the space.

If you have insulation questions, check out our Frequently Asked Questions page or contact us. We would be happy to help you!

Spray foam insulation being installed by The Green Cocoon of Salisbury, MA.

Do You Need a Thermal Barrier When Using Spray Foam?

Insulation Tips

There is a lot of confusion when it comes to thermal barriers regarding what they are and when they are needed with spray foam application. Luckily, we understand this subject and will explain the thermal barrier and the International Residential Code (IRC) in a way that you can understand.

What is a thermal barrier?

A thermal barrier is a material that is applied between spray foam insulation and the interior living space. Moreover, the IRC says that all foam plastic insulations have to be separated from the interior of the building by a 15-minute thermal barrier. One such barrier is half-inch gypsum board (drywall). Because any type of spray foam is combustible, along with most other building materials, we need to protect the wall from the foam. By installing gypsum board over the foam, we have protection on the inside of the building for a life-saving purpose.

The IRC is trying to provide enough time for occupants to get out of the house in case of fire. A thermal barrier will give an occupant about 15 minutes to escape.

Not every area of your home has to have a thermal barrier. So, what needs to be covered and what can be exposed?

Can spray foam be left exposed?

The quick answer is yes and no, because spray foam can be left exposed in some areas of the home with other areas requiring a thermal barrier, according to the code.

If the area of the home that has been sprayed with foam is directly connected to the living space or used for storage, then it has to be separated by a thermal barrier. This would be your exterior walls and ceilings.

spray foam insulation contractor spraying ceiling - green-cooon

There are exceptions to the rule, which are the crawl space, attic, and basement rim joists. Rim joists never require thermal barriers, and attics and crawl spaces that are not used for storage or living space do not need a thermal barrier. They’re already treated with an ignition barrier. The only time a crawl space or attic needs a thermal barrier is when the space is used as an auxiliary living space or storage.

There are a couple of ways to omit or provide an alternate to the thermal barrier. One of those is large scale test using something like a cementitious-based product. If it passes the test, it can be used as a stand-alone thermal barrier.

You could also use an intumescent coating (swells up when heated). It has been tested over a specific spray foam to provide an interior finish system that acts like a thermal barrier. For example, if you’re going to install spray foam on the underside of a roof deck in an open roof assembly like in a restaurant, you would put the spray foam on the underside. You can’t leave it exposed to the inside of the building, so you’ll need to use a thermal barrier to go over it, such as drywall or thermal barrier paint.  What do we do?

If you have an intumescent coating that has been approved, then you apply that over the spray foam. The coating is now an interior finish that we can leave exposed inside the restaurant, which meets interior standards.

Learn more about insulation code

In conclusion, you now have a grasp of thermal barriers, but you might have more questions about meeting insulation code in your area.

If you want to make sure your new home or remodeling project meets code, please contact us.

References

  1. Spray Foam Advisor, Thermal Barriers, Sep 29, 2017, sprayfoamadvisor.com
  2. Retrofoam of Michigan, What is a Thermal Barrier and When is it Needed with Spray Foam? December 26, 2018, retrofoamofmichigan.com

Flash and Batt

Insulation Tips

“Flash and batt” is a popular technique for insulating walls. But if you are going to use this technique, make sure to start with at least two inches of closed cell foam.  A one inch “flash” is not enough to prevent condensation!

If you need more information, contact us.

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